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Coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic weekly update for Malvern Seniors

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7th August 2022

GOOD NEWS, CASES OF COVID-19 STEADILY FALLING

Monkeypox news

Preamble

For more than two years we have been keeping an eye on the published government figures and monitoring the media to asses the likely level of risk for Seniors in the Malvern Hills district and providing links to where further information could be found.

During the epidemic Public Health England was split into the UK Health Security Agency and Office for Health Improvements and Disparities. However for simplicity, in this blog, we have continued to refer to this as PHE data.

Testing has been run down and the public can no longer record the result of Lateral Flow tests so the daily cases reported on the Coronavirus Dashboard greatly underestimate the actual situation, and so we have deleted our section on testing; this can however be found on archived pages.

The only remaining sources of data indicating direction of travel are:

The ONS infection survey
Registered deaths (ONS, NHS)
NHS hospital bed occupancy, and
The Zoe Health Study

Now the epidemic is largely over the numbers are of less importance, but we'll carry on with our blog for a little while longer. This page will continue to be updated each weekend using Friday's data, nominally with Sunday's date.

Summary

How to get vaccinated

More about vaccinations

Number of cases

Number of deaths

Healthcare numbers

Forecast for the week ahead

Menu of archived pages

Summary

There has been a steady downturn in COVID-19 infections as confirmed by a reduction in the number of patients admitted to hospital and a fall in COVID bed occupancy during the last fortnight.

There are now signs the COVID death rate is also beginning to fall.

However, because the Wuhan vaccines rarely stop us catching the latest variants, there is still a fair chance some of us will catch COVID-19 in coming weeks despite being fully vaccinated.

The lucky may either show few symptoms or have a mild fever, sore throat, general aches and pains, and quickly get over it; but others could feel quite poorly and spend a few days in bed, with it taking five to ten days or so to recover.

Many of those who have caught COVID report either getting easily tired or suffering from shortness of breath for some weeks afterwards; if so patients are advised take it easy until fully recovered.

Very few of those infected with Omicron are admitted to hospital.

Any precautions to take are now a personal decision; see our advice.

To reduce the likelyhood of hospitalisation amongst the most vulnerable, a second COVID-19 booster jab has been available to Seniors aged 75+ years known as the Spring Booster. UKHSA recommends everyone eligible should get it, but the Coronavirus Dashboard figures suggests about 20% of those aged 75+ in England have yet to step forward, if the vaccine hesitant are taken into account.

Some surgeries are offering the Spring Booster, but if not you can still get it at the Three Counties Showground vaccination centre (use brown gate).

Click for information about Walk-In Clinics

Click for information about the Spring Booster

Click to view our advice

Click for Worcestershire Dashboard and associated links

The government says there will be an Autumn booster programme for those aged 50+ years; this will be a phased roll out of both COVID and Flu jabs; details to follow.

Click for government press release - Health and Social Care Secretary accepts JCVI advice on autumn booster programme

Note: following Sajid Javid's resignation, Stephen Barclay is now Health Secretary.

Monkeypox update

Outbreaks of Monkeypox have been detected in Europe and the UK. It's a serious and now a notifiable disease. Click below for European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control factsheet:-

Factsheet for health professionals on Monkeypox

AP News reports the WHO has declared this a global emergency.

UN health agency chief declares monkeypox a global emergency

As of 4 August 2022, there are 2,768 confirmed and 91 highly probable monkeypox cases in the UK: 2,859 in total. Of these, 2,730 are in England.

This compares to 2,546 cases on 28th July, an increase of about 45 cases per day.

Click link: Monkeypox cases confirmed in England - latest UKHSA update

The good news for Seniors is that vaccination for Smallpox, which we mostly had as children, should give protection from Monkeypox.

How to get vaccinated for COVID-19

Note: by now we expect most Seniors are fully vaccinated and if so you can skip this section.

COVID has mutated so the original Wuhan vaccines do not stop the disease being passed on to someone else.

The purpose of vaccination is now to minimise severe illness which results in hospitalisation, and possibly death.

Children aged 5 - 11 years can be offered the vaccine, though only 10% or so have had a first dose in England.

Prof Kit Yates of Independent SAGE thinks vaccination of children is a good thing but we suspect many parents are unsure.

Those aged 16+ years can book a booster 3 months after their second dose.

Click NHS link - Who can get a coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine

For information about walk-in centres in Worcestershire go to the website:

www.swhealthcare.org.uk

and click the Vaccine Rollout tab at the top of the page.

Click for information about vaccination at the Three Counties Showground

Otherwise either see the NHS website for walk-in opening times and vaccine availability:

www.nhs.uk/grab-a-jab

Or click this link for more information and to book a vaccination on-line:

Book a Coronavirus vaccination - NHS (www.nhs.uk)

Or talk to your GP.

More about vaccinations

Vaccinometer

Our bar chart below shows the total number of:

first jabs;
second jabs;
first boosters and third jabs;
for comparison, the population of the UK broken down by age band.

COVID vaccination bar chart

Vaccinometer as of 8th April 2022

People are still coming forward to be vaccinated, but the rate is so slow expect to see little change to this chart during 2022.

Vaccination statistics are now of little relevance but can be found on the Vaccination tab of the Coronavirus Dashboard.

What's more important is that those who have chosen to be vaccinated get their booster jabs.

First booster jabs

Last Christmas, all adults were offered a third jab (or booster) to reduce the likelyhood of hospitalisation after being infected by the Omicron variant of COVID-19.

Spring booster jabs for Seniors

Those aged 75+ are eligible for a second (Spring) booster which ideally should be 6 months after the first booster.

If you have COVID you must wait at least 28 days after infection before getting the jab.

You should be contacted by the NHS and invited to book your spring booster when it's due - our invitation came by email followed a week later by a letter. Try to book an appointment around 6 months after your last dose to get the best protection from your Spring Booster (check the date on your vaccination card).

New Court Surgery is currently not offering Spring Boosters so you may have to book your booster at a mass vaccination centre, such as the Three Counties Showground, either on-line or by phoning 119.

There are also walk-in appointments at the Three Counties Showground (see links in 'how to get vaccinated section' for days and times). Clinics may be suspended during large events.

Click to book a Coronavirus vaccination - NHS (www.nhs.uk)

Click for NHS England COVID-19 Vaccination statistics

Protection against hospitalisation

There is some uncertainty about how well the original Wuhan vaccines protect us from the latest variants of COVID-19. This is our judgement from reading the UKHSA reports:-

After 3 months the Wuhan vaccines seem to give little protection from catching the Omicron variants of COVID-19 but importantly they are said to protect from going on to develop severe illness and admittance to hospital.

The UKHSA COVID-19 vaccine surveillance reports indicate the effectiveness of the vaccines against earlier variants - four months or so after a third dose vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation fell to about 80%, suggesting Seniors had been roughly 5 times less likely to go into hospital compared to an unvaccinated person.

Note: there has been insufficient time to gather reliable data on the Spring Booster and the latest variants BA.4 and BA.5, so for example, the protection offered against hospitalisation by BA.5 after a Spring booster is largely unknown.

Effectiveness against mortality

After a Booster the relative risk of death seems to be reduced by a factor of between 5 and 10 compared to the unvaccinated.

Most people who die are aged 85+ years and most are fully vaccinated; this simply reflects that most of those who die are elderly, most of the elderly population is vaccinated, and the vaccines are not 100% effective.

Here is a link to the latest report so you can make up your own mind about the effectiveness of the vaccines.

Click for UKHSA COVID-19 vaccine surveillance report Week 31, 4th August 2022

Note: the next report will be in a month's time, on 1st September 2022.

Vaccinations Worldwide

A chart of the worldwide vaccination situation can be found on the Our World in Data website.

Click for worldwide statistics

Hint: click the country list on the left hand side of the screen to add or remove countries from the chart.

Number of cases

There are now three sources reporting the prevalence of COVID-19 in the UK.

The ONS which conducts a weekly random survey by collecting nose and throat swabs from the public for PCR tests, and analysis for variants.
The ZOE Health Study, whereby participating members of the public log their symptoms, tests and vaccines.
PHE data gathered from PCR testing, mostly in hospitals, which had been underestimating infections by a factor of 6 or so.

ONS infection survey

ONS estimate that 2,106,000 people in England had COVID-19 in the week ending 26th July; a fall of 20% on the week before.

Click for Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection Survey, UK: 5th August 2022

Date published	Prevalence (England)	Ratio of people with COVID
29th July 2022	2,632,200	1:20
5th August 2022	2,106,000	1:25

Prevalence of COVID-19 in England estimated by ONS

It's a week since the statistics were gathered and cases will have dropped further.

Note: ONS say they are moving to an on-line data collection method and postal returns for swabs and blood samples and as a result of this change there will be likely be no weekly bulletin on Friday 12 August 2022. So expect the next weekly update on 19th August.

Zoe Health Study

The ZOE Health Study estimates are shown in the following table.

	Prevalence (UK)	Estimated new infections per day
Last week	3,873,998	205,267
This week	2,977,309	151,569

Prevalence of COVID-19 in UK estimated by the Zoe Health Study

According to the more up-to-date Zoe figures prevalence in the UK has fallen by 23% in the last week and daily cases fell by 26%.

Both the ONS and Zoe indicate the current wave of COVID is subsiding.

Numbers testing COVID positive in Worcestershire (PHE)

Note: this section has been deleted due to COVID testing being run down in the UK; figures can still be found on the Worcestershire Coronavirus dashboard, but these greatly underestimate the true number of infections. The direction of travel in Malvern is down.

Click for Worcestershire Coronavirus Dashboard

Number of deaths

Statistics on COVID deaths are published by Public Health England, The Office of National Statistics, and NHS England. These can't be directly compared as they cover different periods, but together the figures paint a picture of the direction of travel - which is that in real time COVID weekly deaths have peaked and are just beginning to fall.

PHE figures

The Dashboard chart of COVID (28) deaths, following a positive test, by date of death shows that the 7 day average peaked in England at 240 deaths per day about 10th April; and fell to a minimum of 40 about 10th June.

Deaths then rose once again peaking at 183 per day about 18th July, then falling to 137 by 25th July.

Note that some of the deaths reported by PHE will be people who die with COVID but not from it.

Click to view the UK government Coronavirus Dashboard

ONS figures

The Office of National Statistics (ONS) reports registered deaths in England and Wales where COVID-19 is mentioned somewhere on the death certificate. The ONS figures lag the PHE figures by 10 - 14 days and do not include Northern Ireland and Scotland.

Note: the figures include cases where COVID may have been a secondary cause of death.

Click for national ONS data on deaths (Excel spreadsheet)

The ONS figures are broken down by District providing a glimpse of where deaths are occurring. The provisional cumulative total of COVID related deaths in Worcestershire reported by the ONS up to 22nd July (week 29 of 2022) is shown below.

Note: the numbers are from summation of rows 9 to 339 of the ONS Death Registrations-Pivot table, which gives the provisional total of deaths reported in any week, which can be distorted by delayed reporting over public holidays.

Deaths by 'date of death' is a more accurate metric but takes longer to be confirmed.

Districts of Worcs	Deaths 2020	Deaths 2021	Deaths 2022	Week 29	Population
Bromsgrove	164	142	44	0	98,529
Malvern Hills	61	98	50	1	77,545
Redditch	108	109	34	1	85,317
Worcester	87	134	36	0	103,542
Wychavon	157	154	60	3	126,240
Wyre Forest	171	132	46	3	100,957
TOTAL	748	769	270	8	592,130

Provisional cumulative COVID-19 deaths in Worcestershire registered by ONS to 22nd July 2022.

There was 1 death in a hospice in the Malvern Hills; 1 death at home in Redditch; 3 deaths in hospital in Wychavon; and 2 deaths in hospital and 1 elsewhere in Wyre Forest.

In England and Wales 743 COVID-19 related deaths were reported in the week to 22nd July, 160 more than the week before and a rise of 27%. Of these 76 were in a care home, 71 at home, 17 in a hospice, 575 in hospital and 4 elsewhere.

The rise was to be expected following the upside of the current wave of cases.

So far this year in England and Wales 22,358 people have died with COVID mentioned on their death certificate.

Chart of ONS deaths

ONS provisional deaths 'by week reported' in England and Wales 2022

Note: the steps in the chart above in weeks 18 and 22 were probably due to delayed reporting over the Easter, Mayday and Jubilee holidays.

The figures on the Coronavirus Dashboard of ONS deaths by date on the death certificate show ONS England deaths peaked at 160 deaths per day on 8th April, dipped to 25 about 10th June, then increasing to 56 by 1st July (seven day average); then to 81 by 8th July. A 44% increase on the previous week. But what you have to remember is these figures relate to what was happening almost a month ago - the more recent PHE figures suggest the death rate is now falling.

In comparison averaged over recent years 1,700 people die daily from all causes in the UK, so COVID deaths in England now represent no more than 3% of UK deaths.

Click for ONS Coronavirus (COVID-19) latest insights: Deaths

NHS England figures for Worcestershire

The table below shows the latest COVID deaths in Worcestershire hospitals reported by NHS England on 4th August 2022.

Worcestershire	Cumulative deaths	Past week
Acute hospitals	1,140	7
Care hospitals	78	0
TOTAL	1,218	7

Excludes deaths in care homes, deaths at home and deaths in hospices.

Six fewer deaths than last week, suggesting we may be past the worst of the present wave.

Click for NHS COVID-19 total announced deaths

Look for COVID Total announced deaths file, then select tab Deaths by Trust.

Note: NHS say all deaths are recorded against the date of death rather than the date the deaths were announced. As from 1st July 2022 reporting has moved to publication once per week on a Thursday, rather than every weekday.

Risk of COVID-19 death by age band

NHS England provides an analysis of COVID-19 deaths in hospital in England and Wales by age band. Shown below is a snapshot of 2,898 recent deaths for the period 6th May 2022 to 6th July 2022 when most of these deaths will have been from the Omicron variants.

Age band	Number of COVID deaths	% of deaths
0 - 19	8	0.3
20 - 39	25	0.9
40 - 59	165	5.7
60 - 79	1,010	34.9
80+	1,692	58.4

Relative risk of COVID-19 death by age band May - July 2022

The main point to note is those aged 60+ still account for 93% of deaths despite young people being more likely to catch COVID-19.

The risk profile for Omicron appears to be the same as for Delta. Age is the greatest risk factor.

Healthcare numbers

The UK government Coronavirus Dashboard includes information about healthcare statistics and NHS bed occupancy.

Hospital COVID cases (England)	Number	Change in last week
Patients currently in hospital	9,817	-2,097
Patients on ventilation	232	-41
Patients admitted daily	1,124	-322

Headline summary of patients in hospital reported on 3rd August 2022

Note: 'Patients admitted daily' is the weekly total to 1st August divided by 7. This number includes both patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 from the community, and those diagnosed with COVID-19 in hospital.

It is said roughly half are being treated for COVID, and the remainder being treated for another condition with COVID.

Bed numbers by region in England

Tabulated figures for COVID bed occupancy in England can be found on the NHS England website and are another indicator of direction of travel:

Click for NHS England COVID-19 Hospital bed Activity statistics

Note: see the latest Daily Admissions and Beds spreadsheets, then look for all COVID beds.

Region	29th July 2022	5th August 2022	15th January 2021
England	11,149	9,152	33,362
London	1,952	1,756	7,811
Midlands	2,183	1,783	5,890

Comparison of All beds COVID data for England, London and Midlands

In the last week the number of COVID-19 General and Acute beds fell by about 18% in England, 10% in London and 18% in the Midlands.

For comparison, the number of beds occupied during the peak of the epidemic in January 2021 is shown in red in the right hand column of the table.

The chart below shows how COVID bed occupancy peaked in England about 18th July. Deaths can be expected to follow a similar shaped curve delayed by one week or so.

COVID beds

COVID bed occupancy in England from 1st April 2022 to 29th July

Worcestershire hospital beds

Between 25 July 2022 and 31 July 2022, 75 patients went into hospital with coronavirus. This shows a decrease of 25% compared to the previous 7 days. There were 102 patients in hospital with coronavirus on 2 August 2022, eighteen less than the week before; of which 1 was on a ventilator.

Click for Summary of Malvern numbers on the Coronavirus dashboard

This link also reports deaths.

Deaths in Malvern Hills

Between 23 July 2022 and 29 July 2022, there have been 3 deaths within 28 days of a positive coronavirus test.

Forecast for the week ahead

We expect the number of COVID related weekly deaths in England and Wales (as registered by ONS) to peak at about 750 in Week 30 ending 29th July, to be reported on 9th August, although it's possible the figure could be a tad higher, say up to 850.

In the county of Worcestershire, based on 75 new hospital cases last week and assuming the ratio of all deaths (including those in care homes and at home) to be 1:11 of admissions, then there should be no more than 7 COVID deaths per week in the second half of August.

We expect NHS COVID bed occupancy to continue falling in England next week as the current wave of infection subsides.

Longer term outlook

Theoretically we were supposed to have entered the endemic stage of the disease with a high background level of infection, falling in the summer as more time is spent outdoors, and then rising in the winter. In the absence of safety measures, this model seems not to work for the latest variants of COVID-19.

Emerging factors are new variants against which the vaccines offer increasingly less protection; vaccinations waning in effectiveness; booster shots; overseas travel during school holidays; and super-spreader events such as summer music festivals; so it has become very difficult for computer models to predict what happens next.

It is already summer and instead of cases falling they had been rising; until two weeks ago. Hopefully cases will drop in August and September as the BA.5 wave subsides before possibly beginning to rise in October/November when more time is spent indoors with the windows shut.

The Omicron BA.1 variant became predominant in New Year 2022, followed by BA.2 and now BA.5 causing 3 waves of COVID so far, and there could be more ripples as new variants emerge.

About 4% of those infected could suffer from symptoms for up to 12 weeks; beyond that it is characterised as Long COVID. Long COVID caused by previous variants, such as Delta, could be extremely debilitating, but thankfully most cases attributable to Omicron are said to resolve in between 4 and 12 weeks. We assume Long COVID, referring to symptoms beyond 12 weeks, may be caused by pockets of lingering inflamation within the body - doctors don't seem to know the cause, but it's possible in a small number of cases there could be permanent tissue damage.

After dipping to about 200 deaths per week, ONS deaths have been rising tracking hospital admissions delayed by two weeks or so.

The England and Wales ONS death rate is likey to have peaked at about 750 COVID deaths per week in the last few days - which we should soon see reflected in the ONS numbers. Then the death rate should fall as infections and daily hospital admissions drop.

The recent rise in the death rate has been a temporary blip and nothing to worry about.

The recent fall in bed occupancy suggests the weekly death rate may drop from 750 to 500 in two weeks time.

UCL modelling is suggesting the COVID death rate may then fall to a minimum of 35 deaths per day, that is 245 certified deaths per week by the end of September, which is quite credible; then perhaps increasing to about 1,400 deaths per week during the winter months which would be concerning.

Click for UCL Long-term forecasting of the COVID-19 epidemic

The value of having future annual COVID vaccinations, as with Flu, is being questioned given the virus is so widespread and changing so fast. Unless there is a new vaccine capable of combatting different variants, it may be, as with the common cold, that next year we will have to soldier on with occasional repeat infections and no cure.

Most members of the British public appear reluctant to wear face masks, so there would be value in health professionals and engineers looking to improve ventilation in workplaces and public buildings in order to reduce the circulation of respiratory diseases. That would cost money so is unlikely to happen to any great extent; but perhaps improvements could be designed into new systems and buildings, and urgent consideration given to improving ventilation in schools where infections have always spread rapidly.

Cases of Influenza A are beginning to rise in Australia, which points to the possibility of a significant outbreak of Influenza in the UK in the winter. Because of lockdowns there hasn't been much Influenza for two years and the immunity of the population may have dipped. Catching Influenza and COVID at the same time could be bad news so don't forget your Flu jab in September/October.

Click for NHS Guidance - National flu immunisation programme 2022 to 2023 letter updated 22 April 2022

It seems to us that while UK COVID deaths remain below 700 per week, it is unlikely the public and government will be concerned.

Advice for Seniors

The risk of exposure to COVID-19 has fallen a bit but remains MODERATE to HIGH in the UK and many European countries and this situation could continue for some months.

See our riskometer opposite.

During this period it is likely that despite being fully vaccinated some Seniors will become ill with COVID-19.

How this affects us will depend on any previous exposure to the virus, and vaccines giving protection from severe illness.

Those most at risk are said to include:

Seniors aged 75+ years who have not been fully vaccinated;
Seniors aged 75+ whose first booster is waning;
Pregnant women who have not been vaccinated.

In the last month there have been no more than 13 COVID related deaths per week in Worcestershire which has a population of 600,000 so we currently estimate the risk of death for fully vaccinated Seniors to be less than 1% per year which we judge LOW while the risk of Long COVID is a little higher.

Currently the chance of Seniors being hospitalised with COVID-19 in any period of 12 months is less than 4% which we judge moderately LOW.

Most people are now taking the view that COVID is no longer a critical threat to their health.

For the more cautious the simple safeguards to remember are to:

make sure your COVID vaccinations are fully up to date - you must have a Booster to obtain significant protection from hospitalisation and death, and if that was more than 6 months ago, desirably a Spring Booster.
wash your HANDS thoroughly, using soap and hot water, for 20 seconds, including after handling deliveries to your home, to kill virus picked up from contaminated surfaces (see note 1);
when infection rates are high, ideally wear either a well fitting FACE covering, or better an FFP2 face mask when in crowded settings for example when in shops, theatres, health-care settings, and when using public transport;
SPACE at least 2 metres from people you don't feel safe with (see note 2);
preferably socialise with friends and other households outdoors in the FRESH AIR else, if you are indoors, either ventilate by keeping windows open as far as is practicable or consider putting a HEPA air purifier in the room, which could also help with hay fever;
avoid crowded indoor settings;
avoid friends and colleagues with cold and flu like symptoms;
ideally self-isolate for 5 to 10 days to protect others if you feel unwell with cold or flu like symptoms; according to the Zoe COVID Study the current top five COVID symptoms are runny nose, headache, sore throat, tiredness, and sneezing which may be difficult to distinguish from a common cold (see notes 3 and 4);
respect others and give them space;
looking further ahead, don't forget to get your annual Flu jab when it next becomes available; that is usually sometime in September/October.

Notes:

1) Wash your hands thoroughly before touching your face to avoid transferring virus from contaminated surfaces to your mouth, eyes and nose. If outdoors, wash hands with an alcohol based hand gel.

2) Two metres is further than you think - roughly an arm and a walking stick away.

3) The Zoe Health Study people suggest that if you have symptoms of a common cold there is a chance you might have COVID.

4) If you are 'clinically vulnerable' consult your GP or specialist; you may need to take a test and consider anti viral drugs if testing positive.

5) However careful you are, don't be too surprised if you catch COVID as the Omicron variants are highly infectious and the Wuhan vaccines give little protection against transmission and infection (although they do reduce the severity of symptoms).

Annex

Commentary

The prevalence of COVID-19 peaked about two weeks ago and is now steadily declining in all regions of the UK and all age groups.

There has been an associated fall in the number of general and ventilated NHS COVID beds.

Now there are signs the COVID daily death rate has peaked and is beginning to fall.

In our small circle it feels like COVID has gone away.

However Independent SAGE remains concerned about the time students have spent off sick away from the classroom and would like to see ventilation in schools improved.

Dr John Campbell cites an analysis, linked to researchers at Kings College London and the Zoe Covid Symptom Study, which suggests some of the unfortunate few suffering from Long Covid for more than 12 weeks may have permanent tissue damage resulting in some form of disability from which they will not recover.

In case you want to read more here is the title of the article:-

Profiling post-COVID syndrome across different variants of SARS-CoV-2

and here is the link:-

https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.28.22278159v1

COVID video updates

Links to updates by Professor Tim Spector of the Zoe Health Study, Independent SAGE and pundit Dr John Campbell can be found here:-

Click to watch Zoe Health Study fortnightly update on 28th July 2022 presented by Tim Spector.

That's now a week out of date.

Click to watch Independent SAGE weekly update on 5th August 2022

A summary of the numbers and discussion of ventilation in schools.

In his video, Dr John Campbell talks about a very small number of Long COVID patients suffering permanent tissue damage, for example to brain grey matter, heart muscle, and/or the lungs, citing a draft paper linked to Kings College London and the Zoe Symptom Study.

Click for Dr John Campbell talking about some permanent Long Covid

The implication is that while most of us will fully recover from COVID, an unlucky few may suffer a permanent impairment of their health, be it small or considerable.

List of vaccines

Moderna is developing a new version of its vaccine designed to protect from both Wuhan and Omicron strains.

Here is the updated list of COVID-19 vaccines ordered by the UK. It looks as though the government has settled on the use of Pfizer and Moderna with Astrazeneca now held in reserve.

Moderna has been offered for Spring Boosters at the Three Counties Showground.

The order for Valneva has been cancelled, but nevertheless it has now been approved for use by MHRA.

Click for BBC report - Valneva Covid vaccine approved for use in UK

Nuvaxoid (Novavax) was approved in February.

The government has signed deals to buy 114 million additional doses of the Pfizer (54M) and Moderna (60M) vaccines to use in 2022 and 2023.

Click for press announcement - Government agrees new deals to future proof vaccine rollout in light of new variant

The press announcement goes on to say that 60M doses of Novavax vaccine are expected to be delivered in 2022 and 7.5M doses of GSK/Sanofi, so there seems no intention to cancel these late arrivals.

Click for Guardian report - Novavax expected to be become fourth Covid vaccine available in UK

COVID-19 vaccine	Doses ordered (million)	Status
Pfizer BioNTech, two dose, -70 deg C	40+60+35	Approved, deliveries continuing, made in Belgium (EU). An additional 60M doses have been ordered for booster shots for the most vulnerable in the autumn. A further 35M doses were ordered in August 2021 for delivery in 2022.
Astrazeneca, two dose, fridge	100	Approved for those aged 30+ years; deliveries continuing. Batches made in UK, Belgium and India.
Moderna, two dose, -20 deg C	7+10	Approved. First deliveries to Wales and Scotland 7th April 2021 then England 13th April; mainly for those aged under 50 years awaiting vaccination.
Valneva, two dose	60+40 order cancelled	A jab from French company Valneva will be made in Livingston, West Lothian, Scotland. Order cancelled September 2021. Delivery had been expected to start in second half of 2021. Approved by MHRA April 2022.
Janssen, single dose	20	Approved, a jab from Belgian firm Janssen, owned by Johnson and Johnson; UK approval 28th May. Order reduced from 30 to 20M.
Nuvaxovid	60	A jab manufactured by US firm Novavax being made in Stockton-on-Tees UK. Glaxo Smith Kline (GSK) contracted to fill and package vials. Approved by MHRA 3rd Feb 2022. JCVI to advise how vaccine will be used.
GSK Sanofi	60	Some delay due to adjusting the formula to give better protection to the elderly; expected approval and delivery of 7.5M doses in 2022.
Curevac	50 ?	Contract placed with German company Feb 2021. Possible source of new variant vaccine; disappointing trial results have resulted in the company working on a second generation vaccine. Future uncertain.